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Archive for the month “February, 2011”

Papua New Guinea Raises Concerns Over Arms Smuggling At Indonesian Border

BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific
February 21, 2011

Text of report by Papua New Guinea newspaper The National website on 21 February

[Article by Isaac Nicholas: 'Weapons smuggling a concern']

Western law enforcement authorities have raised concerns about arms smuggling into the province from Australia and Indonesia, saying it is a threat to national security.

Provincial Police Commander Peter Philip said his men had confiscated arms ranging from high-powered semi-automatic weapons to small arms and shotguns.
He also raised concerns that Operation Sunset Merona refugees had been flown into East Arwin refugee camp without consultations with provincial authorities, adding that the flight of more than 50 refugees by the PNGDF Casa aircraft into Kiunga was causing further strain on the limited resources in the province.
Philip said the frequency of illegal gun smuggling was higher than what was happening up at the West Sepik border.

Ningerum Prison acting Commander Wini Nemo also raised similar concerns that the extra people on the ground would also put pressure on the jail holding capacity of 30 inmates, adding that the jail was already over-crowded.

Similar sentiments were conveyed to Correctional Services Minister Tony Aimo during a visit to the North Fly township of Kiunga last week.

Provincial Magistrate Patrick Monouluk said arms smuggling was a concern for authorities which lacked the capacity to police the vast border province.

Last week, Monouluk sentenced a man to 18 months imprisonment for smuggling arms and ammunition. Simon Somo Harquart from Mapos Village, Buang, in Morobe, was arrested by police when he attempted to move three firearms from Saibai Island in the Torres Strait into Daru. Acting on a tip-off, police confiscated a .22 squibman rifle, 303 rifle, self-loading rifle and more than 150 rounds of ammunition. Monouluk found him guilty and after sentencing, Harquart was transferred to Bomana Jail outside Port Moresby.

Aimo admitted that arms smuggling and free movement of people across the border of Indonesia and Australia was a major security concern and he would raise the issue through reporting to the National Executive Council to extend the operations from West Sepik to Western.

“We are sitting on a time bomb. There is exchange of guns and drugs along this Western border which Waigani does not know about,” Aimo said.

“It is very fragile and a threat to our national security.”

Source: The National website, Port Moresby, in English 21 Feb 11

“Makkareso” Enthusiasm of Bugis Merchant

This article is encouraging in the light of multiculturalism in West Papua


The burnt down of Hamadi Central Market in Jayapura city, Papua, in 2006, could not be easily erased from Daeng Said’s (51) memory. It destroyed his asset in value of IDR 1 billion, a result of 20 years struggle in Papua.

If I don’t remember that faith in this life has been written by God Almighty, I would have gotten stressed out and mad, said the man from Pangkep, South Sulawesi.

Born and brought up among Bugis tribe, Said holds true the principal of reso-pa temmangingi naletei pamase dewata sewa-E. It means success approved by God Almighty can only be reached through efforts, perseverance and hard work.

Through makkareso or work enthusiasm, Said rose up. The memory of his lost four shops in value of IDR 1 billion slowly disappeared. He saved every Rupiah to fill each shop lent by Jayapura local government in Entrop. While waiting for the completion of the burnt market, he asked Aco (19), his nephew from his village to help him with his business.

“I asked my jobless nephew to join me,” said Said, pointing towards a teenager who was busy serving customer at his shop.

Said is one of around 200 merchants at Hamadi Central Market in temporary settlement on the left side of Papua Trade Centre, Enrop. Majority of these South Sulawesi immigrants are known as merchants from Bugis-Makassar and Buton. In Jayapura, especially Entrop Market, Abepua Market, Sentani Market and Ampera Market, these three ethnicities known as BBM (Bugis-Buton-Makassar) are major players of economic activities. Recently, BBM’s involvement has reached almost all district in Papua. In the remote area of Papua difficult to reach by land transportation, you can easily find a Bugis merchant selling basic needs.

Other merchants came from Java, Madura and Minangkabau.

Head of South Sulawesi Brotherhood in Papua, Haji Syamsuddin Tumpa said the number of South Sulawesi origins in Papua is approximately 70,000 people. They are generally involved in goods and service trading. Some also works as fishermen and farmers.

“As the trade industry of goods and services gets better, those working as fisherman and farmer start to trade as a sideline,” said Syamsuddin.

He came to Jayapura in 1969. Initially, he lived as a stevedore. He then founded cargo ship expedition which employed 200 people of Papua.

History showed Bugis-Makassar people arrived in Papua since 1700 when these two biggest South Sulawesi ethnicities sailed Marege in search of sea cucumber in North Australia. During this voyage they stopped over and some were stranded in Papua. Anthropology lecturer from Cenderawasih University, Akhmad Kadir, in his book titled Amber and Komin, Study of Papua Economic Change (2005) stated the Bugis merchants uprising started in 1963. The arrival of Bugis merchants brought change in the economic order in Papua.

“Social interaction between Bugis people and Papuans changed the lifestyle and consumption pattern of Papuans, from hunters and gatherers to urban people dependent upon market commodity,” he said.

Mountain people walk towards the ocean following river stream to get market commodities such as rice, tobacco, salt, sugar and clothes. Furthermore, Papuans also trade the sago they produced with things sold by people from Tionghoa and Bugis. They finally use money as means of barter.

Slow

If history is true that social-economic interaction between Bugis-Makassar and Papuans started in 1967, then this economic transformation has been going on for the past 40 years. Despite facts showing Papuans are still using traditional trading method, the transformation still occurs albeit a slow one.

According to observation, very few Papuans own and run kiosk, shops or even service business. Female Papuan merchants known as “mama-mama” usually sit on the ground selling produce traditionally on the road or shop floors in Jayapura.
Actually, local Papuans were given the chance to trade in a kiosk or shop inside a market. A few years ago, following the growing social envy towards settlers, Jayapura government provided kiosks and shops for local Papuans in Abepura, Ampera and Entrop Market. However, they did not utilise this opportunity to grow their business. They chose the quick way to make money by selling their 2m x 2m kiosk, normally priced at IDR 400,000 – IDR 500,000, for only IDR 300,000.

“Ah, instead of tirelessly waiting for buyer in the kiosk all day, I prefer selling the kiosk,” said Natalia Womsiwor (37) who sells areca nut on Entrop Market floor. As aggressive merchants, Bugis people saw a golden opportunity. No wonder, Bugis merchant owns 2-4 kiosks on average.

Cultural roots

Lecturer from University of Cenderawasih, Johsz Mansoben, who is the first Papuan to have an anthropology doctoral degree, admitted the slow economic transformation of Papuans. “The ingrained subsystem cultural root makes it difficult for Papuans to adopt market economic model with clear and strict work division,” he said.

He explained, Papuans are influenced by the lifestyle of hunting, gathering and nomad living. These are totally different from market economic pattern with work distribution and clear role division. Some grow produce, others harvest and sell them to the market.

Oleh Nasrullah Nara

Pasir Putih Beach

A soft white sandy beach with clear water with beautiful scenery, gentle breezes makes it a good place for recreation and swimming. Only 2 kilometres from Manokwari town, this beach can be reached by motorcycle, car, or public transport.

Papuan Graduates Prefer to be Civil Servants

Thursday, 17 February 2011 | 18:15 WIB (Free Translation from KOMPAS)

MANOKWARI, KOMPAS.com — Until now, graduates in Papua are still oriented to be civil servants and very few wants to be entrepreneurs. It is based on their paradigm that civil servants live in prosperous.

Yan Pieter Karafir, Dean of West Papua State University (Unipa), admitted almost 80 percent of graduates in Papua still prefer to work as employees, especially civil servants, to be entrepreneur. Daily influence of how civil servants live is the trigger.

“Graduates believe being a civil servant give them life guarantee, especially in old age. As a result, this thinking shaped their mindset upon graduation to be employees. They consider pensions as an obstacle,” said Karafir, after graduation ceremony of Unipa’s February 2011 period on Thursday 17 February 2011.

This employee mentality was shaped as the result of people in Papua believing that civil servants duty is an easy work with guarantee of welfare in old age. They are not driven to compete and achieve things when they serve as civil servants thus they only rely on their salaries.

The low interest of university graduates in Papua to be entrepreneurs is also the result of government’s lack of support to facilitate students’ business activities. According to Anom Indra, lecturer of Forest Products Technology from Forestry Faculty of Unipa, students business activities are only limited to internship. They do not consider to pursue these business after graduation.

“Students have limitations from acquiring business funds to marketing their products. It is a waste if they produce something but could not market them,” said Anom.

For the past three years, Unipa campus has conducted entrepreneurship programme by giving initial capital between IDR 10 million to IDR 40 million to student groups who wanted to start up a business. Whereas products Unipa students produce included furniture, bricks made of timber waste and food product for farming commodity. Unfortunately, this programme has not been successful. From 116 students who joined in 2010, only 4 students are considered entrepreneurs.

Manokwari Vice Regent, Roberth KR Hammar agreed graduates have high interest to become civil servants. This is due to the limited employment in Manokwari and West Papua. In addition, the low interest on entrepreneurship in West Papua is the result of lack of easy credit and product marketing for small and medium enterprises.

On the other hand, local district or provincial governments still require many civil servants. According to Statistical Central Bureau, in 2007, there were only 851 civil servants in West Papua and in 2009, rose to 1,149. The high interest to become civil servant was evident from the number of applicants for civil servant candidacy test last December 2010 reaching 3,020 people to fill only 200 positions.

To persuade graduates on entrepreneurship instead of orient themselves as civil servants, added Roberth, ease of bank credit or special autonomy fund allocation are options to start. Also, opening investment opportunities and trade network between districts and provinces. “Related departments, especially industry and trade should assist students’ entrepreneurial activities,” he said.

Timbuktu Harthana

Editor: Glori K. Wadrianto

The Political Status of West Papua (Part 6)

Since the conclusion of the Round Table Conference, Indonesia had sought to find ways for a peaceful settlement to the question of West Papua in line with Article 2 of the Charter of Transfer of Sovereignty:

  • a. In April 1950, an Indonesian-Netherlands Ministers’ Conference on financial matters in Jakarta dis some preliminary work on the question of West Papua. Also a Commission comprising of Netherlands and Indonesian representatives was established to visit and make an investigation on West Papua. The Conference decided that negotiations on this question should continue, on the basis of the report of the Commission, at the Second Conference of Ministers of the Netherlands – Indonesia Union, at the Hague during 1050.
  • b. In December 1950, the Second Conference of Ministers of the Union was held at the Hague. During the course of these negotiations, the parties decided to stipulate a period of one year from 27 December 1950, the date of the conclusion of the Round Table Conference Agreement. At that Conference, the Indonesian delegation submitted a note containing the following main point upon which to base the resolution of this dispute: 

” That de jure sovereignty over West Papua of the Republic of Indonesia be recognized by the Dutch without delay, and that the transfer of the Netherlands Administration could be implemented through mutual arrangements by the middle of 1951″

In an effort to arrive ata compromise solution, the Indonesian delegation, aside from guaranteeing human rights and religious freedoms, also agreed to provide autonomy for the territory. It also recognized the present and future interests of the Dutch in West Papua, including the guarantee to employ Dutch officials in the administration and its nationals in the immigration department. On the other hand, in a significant departure from its past commitments, the counter proposals of the Dutch included the transfer of sovereignty over West Papua to the Netherlands – Indonesian Union and to retain in the Netherlands the administration of the Territory, with Indonesian members participating on a parity basis in a West Papua Council. These were totally unacceptable to Indonesia as it would perpetuate colonial domination and practices. The West Papua dispute thus failed to be settled.

  • c. In December 1951, a third Indonesia – Netherlands Conference was held. At this time the Netherlands proposed that the dispute be submitted to the International Court of Justice which Indonesia rejected arguing that the issue in question was a political and not of a judicial nature. Indonesia made sincere efforts to break the “impasse” but the negotiations had to be suspended due to a change of Government in Jakarta.
  • d. The Government of Indonesia had made this issue a priority to be resolved in a peaceful manner but the Dutch Government showed a reluctance to negotiate a final solution while remaining the colonial ruler. Throughout the dispute, Indonesia has challenged the sovereignty of the Netherlands over West Papua. The exercise of such sovereignty was unacceptable as it contravened the Charter of Transfer of Sovereignty to “unconditionally” transfer “complete sovereignty over Indonesia to the new Indonesian Republic”.

Continue to part 7

    Papua community welcomes development acceleration plan

    The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Wed, 02/16/2011 11:44 AM | Archipelago

    Papuan community leader and city councilor Athanasius Allo Rafra has welcomed the government plan to establish a taskforce in March in a bid to accelerate development in Papua and West Papua provinces.#

    “I support the establishment of the taskforce because the development of Papua and West Papua has progressed at a snail’s pace,” Allo Rafra said Wednesday as quoted by Antara.

    The taskforce (UP4B) would work to make sure the development of the provinces is conducted in line with government and community priorities.

    Allo lamented that budget allocations in both provinces had been squandered because of unclear guidelines on development priorities.

    “It isn’t clear where the priorities lie, whether it is in infrastructure, education, health or other sectors,” he said.
    Allo said he hoped the taskforce would perform a similar function as the taskforce that helped Nanggroe Aceh
    Darussalam and Nias provinces to recover after the earthquake and tsunami.

    He called on the central government to strictly supervise all development activities in Papua and West Papua to avoid misuse of the state budget.

    The Political Status of West Papua (Part 5)

    Thus, no one can draw artificial distinctions between the Papua and Malay peoples. Mixed groups have developed in many parts of the Moluccas in the course of history. It can not be determined therefore that the West Papuans are an exclusive ethnic group. There were and continues to be Indonesians coming from other islands to live in West Papua. The people of West Papua also live in other islands such as the Moluccas, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda and in Java. Hence, close relationship have been established over the years between this region and other parts of Indonesia.

    The importance of West Papua to Indonesia must be self-evident. In covering 413.000 square kilometers, West Papua is an area constituting 22 per cent of the entire Indonesian territory with a population of about 4 million and although under-developed was thoroughly neglected by the colonial authorities. It is also significant in the political and national spheres. As part of the Netherlands East Indies, West Papua and its people played an important role in the Indonesian struggle for freedom and independence. Hence, the Indonesian Proclamation of Independence of 17 August 1945 was of profound significance for West Papuan people who considered themselves as Indonesians. Following this Declaration by their  national leaders, the people of West Papua, together with the rest of the Indonesian population resisted attempts to re-impose colonial rule.

    In 1946, largely on the initiative of Mr. Silas Papare, who was decorated by the Allies for his prominent role in the resistance movement during the Japanese occupation of West Papua and later became a member of the Indonesian Parliament, the largest and most active political group emerged called Partai Kemerdekaan Indonesia Papua. This Organization played a particularly significant role in the independence of the entire Indonesian nation by struggling for the noble cause of exercise of self-determination of its people. Their acts rapidly won support and praise of the entire Indonesian population.

    At that time in West Papua, the situation was described by the Netherlands Parliamentary mission that visited the area to be generally poor. In this regard, the report released in 1954 depicted social conditions of laborers as “very bad”, wage scales as discriminatory on a racial basis and educational program as unsuitable. 122 years of Dutch colonial rule had cemented even closer ties between the people of West Papua and their Indonesian brethren in the rest of the country.

    Continue to part 6

    Indonesia Rolling Out New Plan to Lift Growth in Papua

    Jakarta Globe
    Camelia Pasandaran | February 16, 2011

    The government has announced that it would issue new guidelines next month on boosting development in the restive provinces of Papua and West Papua.

    The implementation of the guidelines, to be issued in a presidential decree, will be coordinated by the new Government Unit to Accelerate Development in Papua and West Papua (UP4B), the vice president’s office said on Monday.

    Yopie Hidayat, a spokesman for Vice President Boediono, said the new policy was expected to “gain optimum results through centralized planning.”

    The decree will call for, among other things, affirmative action for Papuans in certain sectors, integrating central and regional government planning and considering social and political factors in development programs.

    Of Indonesia’s 33 provinces, Papua and West Papua receive the most money from the budget.

    While the government allocated Rp 30 trillion ($3.3 billion) on developing the region last year, local activists claim much of that money was lost through corruption within the local administration.

    Yopie said that under the new decree, graft would be eliminated by getting the Papua and West Papua governors directly involved in policy formulation.

    “They’ll serve as checks on one another,” he said. “The spending will also be better prioritized to provide greater benefits for Papuans.”

    Beside managing the budget, the UP4B will also work to address other challenges, Yopie said.

    “It will take social and political problems in each region into account when formulating development policy,” he said. “So it won’t just be about business or project distribution, but also addressing development on a regional basis.”

    The decree will also call for affirmative action for native Papuans, who have long complained about the favorable treatment afforded to migrants from other parts of the country.

    However, the decree will not call for an end to transmigration, as demanded by activists.

    Despite being resource-rich and receiving the biggest allocation of all provinces from the state budget, the region remains largely underdeveloped.

    Many Papuans accuse the government of unfairly distributing the revenue from resources mined there, while a low-level insurgency has persisted for decades, fueled in part by the torture and ill-treatment of Papuans by security forces.

    The Political Status of West Papua (Part 4)

    Despite these unquestionable grounds of commonality of interests between the peoples of the rest of Indonesia and West Papua, Indonesia found it deeply regrettable and troubling that during the Round Table Conference, the Government of the Netherlands took a position contrary to its previous commitments. By reneging on its own commitments, the Dutch authorities insisted on retaining their control over West Papua. The reason being, it was widely believed, that the Dutch wanted the territory exclusively for settlement by Dutch-Indonesians under continued Dutch colonial rule. Indonesia protested and deadlock was inevitable. At the end of the Round Table Conference, the Head of Indonesia’s delegation stated:

    “Our happiness is rather suppressed because not all questions have been solved. West Papua or New Guinea still remain a dispute”

    When one defines “Indonesia”, it has national and political connotations as it was used in the national struggle for independence and was to replace the name “Netherlands East Indies”. The name of Indonesia was legalized by the Netherlands itself and contained in article 1 of the Netherlands Constitution of 1922 which reads:

    “The Kingdom of Netherlands consists of the territories of the Netherlands, the Netherlands Indies, Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles”.

    Later in 1948, when the Constitution of the Netherlands was amended, it provided:

    “THe Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of the Netherlands, Indonesia, Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles”.

    Such a clear demarcation was also contained in the Constitution of Indonesia, in 1945 and 1950 as the separation of Indonesia from West Papua was only meant to be temporary pending negotiations between the concerned parties.

    West Papua was thus never mentioned apart from the Netherlands East Indies. After the Second World War, it was part of te Residency of Ternate within the province of Mollucas with Ambon as its capital. Later, it became a residency itself. Thus, it was only logical for the Government of the Netherlands in the 1949 report to the United Nations to states:

    “Indonesia consists of a series of island groups in the region of the equator, extending from the mainland Asia to Australia. The principal groups are the Greater Sunda Islands, the Mollucas and New Guinea, west of 141 degrees east longitude”.

    In the contemporary world, Indonesia is accepted throughout the world as one nation comprising numerous and diverse ethnic and cultural groups that live in the territory of the former Netherlands Crown as a single entity.

    continue to part 5

    “Jamer” doctor who loves Papua

    Dr Onny Suwardi Redjo MPH still remembers the shock on young doctors’ faces when they heard Papua still had frambusia’s sufferers. “Is it true frambusia still exist?” said Suwardi copying question from some of the new doctors.

    Frambusia is not as severe as HIV/AIDS. It is easily treated with routine treatment. “This illness still exists because sanitation and health system in Papua are lacking,” said the Disease Prevention Head of Papua Province year 2000-2006. Read more…

    Unicef Allocates US$4 Million for Education in Papua

    Unicef says it has allocated US$4 million for the development of education programs in Papua and West Papua provinces for the 2010-2012 period.

    The support is being provided in efforts to improve the quality of education offered in the two provinces, Sri Karna, a member of Unicef’s education staff in Biak, said on Friday, as quoted by kompas.com. Read more…

    The Political Status of West Papua (Part 3)

    The status of the Netherlands East Indies territory including West Papua, was never in question is further confirmed by the following events concerning the validity of Indonesia’s position.

    1. In December 1946 the Dutch Governor-General Dr. H.J. Van Mook reiterated the view of his government: “Decidedly not the intention of the Government (the Dutch Government) to exclude New Guinea from Indonesia”.
    2. On 17 January 1948, the Renville Agreement reached under the auspices of the United Nations Good Offices Committee stated inter alia: “Sovereignty throughout the Netherlands East Indies is and shall remain with the Kingdom of Netherlands until, after a stated interval, the Kingdom of Netherlands transfers its sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia”. Once again, it was apparent that the Netherlands East Indies would be replaced by a new sovereign and independent state of Indonesia.
    3. The preliminary agreement on the ROund Table COnference, the so-called Roem-Van Royen Agreement of May 1949 asserted: ” the discussion will take place as to the way in which to accelerate the unconditional transfer of real and complete sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia in accordance with the Renville Agreements”.
    4. The same viewpoint was reaffirmed in the letter by the Netherlands representative to the United Nations dated 2 March 1949: “the Netherlands Government has reached the conclusion that the best solution of the pending problem is to be found in an accelerated transfer of sovereignty over Indonesia to an Indonesian federal government which will be fully representative of the whole of Indonesia”.
    5. Also, it is pertinent to note that the delegation of the Netherlands had concluded the earlier preliminary Roem – Van Royen Agreement atthe Round Table Conference and affirmed in the Security Council proceedings.  “As I explained at the outset, this dispute is not about the question of whether or not Indonesia will become independent. All parties agree that what used to be the Netherlands East Indies should become an independent State as soon as possible”. (*)  Furthermore, Dr. Van Royen stated at that meeting : “the population of Indonesia consists of about seventeen ethnic and linguistic group which, in their turn, contain a still greater number of sub-groups… Common existence under the Netherlands Crown has created a sense of Indonesian nationality”.

    This statement is most relevant because it demonstrates not only the common existence but also common fate and common struggle of the people of West Papua with the rest of Indonesia against colonial rule.

    continue to part 4

      The Political Status of West Papua (Part 2)

      For Indonesia, this was a difficult compromise for what this envisaged was that the Netherlands military presence and administrative control would remain in Indonesian territory for the stipulated period of one more year. It also presented Indonesia with great difficulties to have part of its territory under occupation and have such position ratified by its Parliament. Therefore, it can be said that Indonesia’s acceptance of this compromise was a reflection of its sincere determination to resolve through peaceful means in accordance with the aims of the United Nations and its own national policies, a situation that had the potential to disturb international peace and security. What made this position even more unacceptable was that the newly independent Republic of Indonesia had to contend with a dispute over its territory, when it was not a question of its making. (*)

      Indonesia’s right of sovereignty rests on two grounds: first, it had succeeded to Dutch sovereignty over the whole of the Netherlands East Indies, including West Papua; second, there were historical ties between the rest of Indonesia and West Papua.

      As demonstrated in the previous chapter, it is a historical fact that West Papua was always an integral part of the territory of the former Netherlands East Indies, and therefore, of the Republic of Indonesia. In this context, it is fitting to recall that never at any time prior to the Round Table Conference was there any doubt about the status of West Papua in the negotiations and agreements between the Dutch and the Indonesians. On 25 March 1947 the two parties signed the Linggadjati Agreement and Article 3 of the said Agreement specifically stated:

      “the United States of Indonesia shall comprise the entire territory of the Netherlands East Indies”

      (*) On November 1949, at the closing session of the Round Table Conference, the Chairman of the United Nations Commission for Indonesia spoke of this significant event as “the end of the conflict, the solution of a problem”.

      continue to part 3

      Lukas: the Fish Caller

      Tempo magazine
      10-16 January 2011

      He can summon different kinds of fishes at Doreri Bay, West Papua. Lukas Barayap got his ability from prayers. He believes man can communicate with animals as told by stories of Prophet Suleiman in the Bible and Koran. He guards and protects the ocean from threats of bomb explosion and potassium by fishermen. Bakaro Beach is now green. The waves are good for surfing. Not just in Doreri Bay, fishes in Toba Lake also listen to him. Tempo’s reporter Bagja Hidayat reported his skill of calling fish.

      Standing on Bakaro Beach edge wearing a polo shirt and shorts, Lukas Awiman Barayap blew his whistle while throwing tree termites into the ocean. Weather on the second Friday morning of December was clear. Wind blew softly after last night’s rain poured down on Manokwari, capital of West Papua.

      Lukas kept blowing his whistle. Higher pitch and higher. After throwing quarter of his tree termites, miraculously, waves started to get bigger. Strangely, the wind still blew softly. The water that initially only covered his feet now covered his waist. Its strength pushed this fifty year old man backward two steps.

      “Look, they’re coming,” he yelled. Lukas blew his whistle louder and threw more termites.

      The green and clear water of Doreri Beach showed another miracle. The water turned colourful from various fishes eating termites. Many surfed the waves to come near his foot as if to say hello.

      Seeing fishes as big as five fingers came near, Lukas lowered his body to drop the termite into the water and whispered to the fishes, “Tell your friends to come here. There’s food.” He blew another whistle. Prit….prit….

      Lukas came out of the water to climb to a higher cliff to blow his final whistle and threw his last termites. “That is bulanak, this one is kapas, babara, kakatua and over there is hias,” he pointed to the fishes underneath.

      He stared at them before turning his body. Slowly, group by group of fishes disappeared into the ocean or swam behind the corals. The waves also went back to normal.

      Lukas’ ability to call and communicate with fishes and other water creatures in Doreri Bay started in 1995. At that time, Bakaro Beach was still isolated. Squeezed in between small islands, the beach that connects directly to Pacific Oceean was unknown to many.

      But this beach attracted lots of fishermen since you can clearly see fishes and coral reefs from your boat. So the ocean slaughter period began in 1999. Impatient fishermen used potassium poison to catch fishes. “Mornings used to be like war zone. Bombs went off endlessly,” said Lukas.

      Then in the afternoon, dead fishes floated, coral reef ruined, the beach damaged. Lukas who has lived here since 1979 could not stand it. As a Merauke local, he knows those destroyers were not Bakaro people. Bakaro fishermen caught fishes using small hooks from boats. They only caught enough for daily supply, only selling if there’s left over. As a preacher, Lukas kept reminding his followers to protect Bakaro River.

      The demolition from outside fishermen triggered Lukas to find a way to stop them. He realised him alone could not oppose many bomb-using fishermen. Nor could he preach to them to preserve nature. He got a crazy idea on the night of 15 December 1995. Lukas would try to gather the fishes around him when those fishermen assembled the bombs.

      Lukas believes human can speak to animals as written in the Genesis 1: 26-28. Then God said, “Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.” The same goes in Koran that mentions Prophet Suleiman’s ability to talk to animals.

      The next day Lukas walked to the coast. His house is only 200 meters away. He sat on one of the cliff facing the ocean. He closed his eyes and started praying: “Please show us God what You have revealed to the Prophets….show us….show us…..”

      With full concentration, he kept praying. Suddenly, he heard a man screamed behind him from far away mountain. “Try tree termites……” It was definitely human’s voice. Lukas opened his eyes and turned around. Nobody there. The morning was quiet. No Bakaro man had come out of their house. He faced back into the ocean and closed his eyes.

      Lukas continued to pray for ways with his sincere intention to call those fishes so he could save them. “Then I heard a spirit’s voice advising me to use materials around me,” he said. He grabbed a stone and knocked it on the cliff. Miracle appeared. Waves turned big carrying fishes to the shore near him. Lukas was amazed on what he saw.

      But those fishes quickly left since Lukas only stood there. They swam back to the ocean. Lukas went home. “Maybe they were disappointed I didn’t give any food,” he said. He went looking for tree termites as suggested by the voice he heard. “Who knows it might be the clue.”

      Lukas came back with a handful of termites. Now the fishes came near to eat on tree termites.

      Day by day, he is astounded by his own ability to call ocean fishes. He knocks a stone then throws termites that gather fishes to eat.

      But Lukas wondered if tree termites are the only kind fishes like to eat. Lukas dived and threw rice, yam and termite. “Turns out, they only eat the termites,” he said. Now, every morning, Lukas feeds those fishes while many fishermen prepared to go fishing with their bombs.

      While feeding the fishes, Lukas kept saying to them, “Tell your friends, there is food here so gather around in the morning.” Apart from stone, Lukas tried a whistle. They still came. Since then, Lukas uses a whistle and tree termites to gather fishes of Doreri Bay.

      His loud morning whistle blow triggered interest from people of Bakaro. They gathered around and shocked to see Lukas could call and speak to fishes. Stories circulated from mouth to mouth. Lukas’ ability became the show of his town with news saying he possesses special skill.

      Lukas always refuses to call his ability as a skill. “This is a gift. I only believe in God,” he said. He is convinced everyone can do it as long as they believe. In his prayers, he always asks the same gift for his wife and two children. “Our intention has to be sincere and we believe this is no black magic.”

      His prayers were answered. Marta Barayap, Lukas’s wife, can do the same thing. This 48-year old woman takes turn with Lukas in feeding the fishes in Doreri Bay using a whistle and tree termites every morning. Later on, Musa and Helena Barayap could also do the same thing. Those 10 and 8-year-old children can call out to fishes.

      Apparently, this only works for member of Barayap family. Many neighbours and visitors tried to imitate but did not succeed. Tempo too tried blowing the whistle and throwing termites but no fish showed up.

      Lukas Barayap’s fame soon travelled outside Barayo. People came to see Lukas in action. They came not only from around Manokwari but also from out of island, even from out of the country. This is because of when tourists asked what is unique in Manokwari, people would answer, “Go and see the fish caller at white sand”, to question

      This miracle is a blessing for Bakaro. The green beach full of coconut and mangrove trees has returned to its clean condition. Lukas forbids anyone to fish there, especially while he is feeding them. Fishermen can only catch fish using hook. No one use bomb anymore. Apart from not getting any fish, they are afraid of Lukas.

      Children are busy surfing. Here, children are taught to swim and dive since they were a year old. After school, they will run to the coast and play endlessly. Or wait for their parents to come home from fishing.

      In 1996, Papua Governor Jacob Pattipi visited Lukas to see for himself Lukas’ ability to call fishes. The governor’s arrival was followed by infrastructure renovation. Road connection to Manokwari was asphalt to facilitate other curious local authorities. Two years later, Bakaro’s 112 families enjoyed their first electricity. Teachers were transferred to teach Bakaro children.

      More and more visitors came since the road access was easier. It only takes 20-minute drive from Manokwari down South. This bay is also near Mansinam Island where the Bible first arrived in Papua and is busy with pilgrimage every 5th February 2011. Local government built gazebos for short tourist rest. “This is truly a blessing for us here,” said Lukas who is also the village secretary.

      He has never refused any visitor’s request to call fishes. The graduate from Manokwari Preaching School is never tired of repeating his 1995 spiritual story. “Once again, this is not magic. Everyone can do it,” he said. “I always pray that everyone can do this to protect nature and environment.”

      Lukas believes that we can communicate with animals, we will love and protect them. Human act contemptible towards animals because they don’t know what animals have given to them.

      Lukas never asked for money when asked to perform his fish calling. If a tourist gives him money, he will then donate it for church activities.

      Indonesia making progress on rights

      Indonesia’s military is largely moving in the right direction on human rights despite the videotaped torture of civilians in restive Papua, a senior US defence official said Tuesday.

      Robert Scher, the top Pentagon official handling Southeast Asia, reiterated US concerns that the 10-month sentences handed last month to three soldiers over the abuse in Papua were too lenient. But Scher added: “We do see that there was progress in the fact that this was a trial that was conducted quickly” and was “open and transparent.”

      “This is not something that one could imagine happening just a few years ago,” Scher, a deputy assistant secretary of defense, said at the Heritage Foundation, a Washington think-tank.

      “I think there is still work to be done and clearly, as noted, we are concerned by the sentences,” he said, adding that the United States was raising the case with Indonesia.

      President Barack Obama’s administration has put a priority on developing relations with Indonesia, based on certain conditions and believing the world’s largest Muslim-majority nation can offer a model due to its firm commitment to democracy and moderation.

      “We’re in a pretty good position with Indonesia. Indonesia’s a critically important country for us,” Scher said, calling the archipelago an “emerging global player.”

      Defence Secretary Robert Gates announced in Jakarta in July that the United States would lift a 12-year suspension of contacts with Kopassus.

      The elite special unit has in the past been accused of widespread abuse, mostly under military strongman Suharto’s rule which ended in 1998.

      In last year’s video posted on YouTube, the soldiers were seen inflicting a burning stick on the private parts of an unarmed man and threatening another person with a knife as they interrogated them to determine the location of a weapons cache.

      Papua, the ethnic Melanesian-majority western half of New Guinea island, has witnessed a low-intensity conflict for decades since a controversial vote by select tribal leaders to incorporate into Indonesia. (AFP)

      Historical Developments of West Papua (part 4)

      Prior to the Second World War, West Papua was included in the Dutch East Indies administration as the Government (province) of Moluccas with the town of Ambon as the seat of the Governor. This Government (province) was sub-divided into two residencies, the residency of Ambon, to which belonged the southern part of West Papua, and the residency of Ternate, to which belonged the northern part of West Papua. As the world knows, the Moluccas, with the town of Ambon and Ternate, are and have always been part of Indonesia. So is the territory of West Papua which was never mentioned apart from the Netherlands East Indies. It was as always has been looked upon as part of the Netherlands East Indies, and thus, also a part of Indonesia.

      In sum, the claim that the people of West Papua are different in civilization and culture from Indonesia would not only be a ludicrous distortion of history but also a tendentious half-truth. For, inter-linkages between Indonesia and West Papua can be traced as far back the pre-historic period. During that time, tribes originating from South-East Asia moved in a southern direction in several waves. Part of these migrations went through Indonesia and some reached Papua. Similarities in customs, manners, civilizations, culture and language strongly point to this truism. In modern time, the West Papuan use the national language of Indonesia – Bahasa Indonesia – as their lingua franca with their brethren from other parts of the country. This language is also used by the West Papuan to communicate with people from different linguistic groups within their territory. Regardless of ethnicity, cultural and linguistic differences, people in different parts of the islands call themselves Indonesians. Indonesia is their nationality and they all live in the territory once governed by the Netherlands as a single entity known as the Netherlands East Indies, of which West Papua was an integral part.

      the end.

      The Beauty of Jayawijaya

      The Top of jayawijaya

      Jayawijaya Mountains is the name for the mountain range that extends lengthwise in the center of the province of West Papua and Papua (Indonesia) to Papua New Guinea New Guinea. Rows of Mountains which have some of the highest peak in Indonesia was formed by the removal of the sea floor thousands of years ago. Although located at an altitude of 4800 meters above sea level, fossilized sea shells, for example, can be seen in limestone and clastic rocks contained in Jayawijaya Mountains. Therefore, besides being a heaven for hikers, mountain paradise Jayawijaya also a world geological researchers.

      The Political Status of West Papua (Part 1)

      The people of Indonesia had realised their right to self-determination after a long struggle against colonial ruler when they proclaimed their independence on 17 August 1945, which lead to the establishment of a free and independent Republic of Indonesia, covering the whole territory of the former Netherlands East Indies. Such a right, however, was challenged by the colonial power and an armed conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands ensued. The conflict ended when the parties concluded a peace agreement under the auspices of the United Nations Commission for Indonesia resulting in the Round Table Conference, held at the Hague in 1949. The peace accord of 2 November 1949 was achieved as a result of the full recognition and acceptance by the Netherlands of the independence and sovereignty of Indonesia as reflected in Article 1 of the Charter of Transfer of Sovereignty (S/1417/Add.1) which provided :

      “The Kingdom of the Netherlands unconditionally and irrevocably transfer complete sovereignty over Indonesia to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia as an independent and sovereign State”. (*)

      The Round Table Conference agreement, however, did not settle the conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands in a comprehensive manner. It left the question of the Indonesian territory of West New Guinea, constituting a substantial part of its territory, to be resolved within a period of one year. This unsettled question found a temporary compromise in Article 2 of the Charter of Transfer of Sovereignty wherein it was decided that with regard to the residency (**) of New Guinea:

      “In view of the fact that it has not been possible to reconcile the views of the parties on New Guinea, which remain, therefore, in dispute.”

      “In view of the dedication of the parties to the principle of resolving by peaceful and reasonable means any differences that may hereafter exist or arise between them”.

      “That the status quo of the residency of New Guinea shall be maintained with the stipulation that within a year from the date of transfer of sovereignty to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, the question of the political status of New Guinea be determined through negotiations between the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands”.

      continue to part 2
      ————————-

      (*) The formal transfer of sovereignty took place on 27 December 1949. In the course of 1950, the Republic of the United States of Indonesia transformed itself through internal processes into the Republic of Indonesia, which was admitted to the United Nations on 28 September 1950.

      (**) Recidency is an administrative unit of the government of the Netherlands.

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